Senarai hazard di dalam industri minyak dan gas

SENARAI HAZARD DI DALAM INDUSTRI MINYAK & GAS

 

Offshore Platform

Onshore Platform

1.        Kebakaran & Letupan.

2.      Ruang Terkurung.

3.      Bekerja di Tempat Tinggi.

4.     Mengangkat Barangan Berat.

5.      Elektrik & Elektrik Statik.

6.     Kerja Panas.

7.      Peralatan Berkuasa Tinggi & Peralatan yang rosak.

8.      Bahan Kimia Berbahaya.

9.     Gas Bertekanan Tinggi

10.  Kerja – Kerja Mengali

11.     Bunyi Bising.

12.   Sinaran / Radiasi.

13.   Kerja Manual (ergonomic).

14.   Tempat Kerja Tidak Kemas.

KEBAKARAN

Tiga perkara yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan api;

       Ö            Bahan Bakar

       Ö            Cukup suhu panas untuk membakar bahan bakar tersebut

        Ö            Cukup oksigen untuk pembakaran tersebut

 

3 Element cause of fire

PUNCA KEBAKARAN DI DALAM LOJI MINYAK & GAS

1.        Cecair dan Gas mudah terbakar (methane, propane, acetylin, gasolin dan lain-lain).

2.      Kerja Panas (mengimpal, memotong, memanas, membagas, mencanai dan lain-lain).

3.      Elektrik (litar pintas).

4.     Api dari punting rokok.

5.      Kerja lain yang melibatkanelektrik.

6.     Bahan kimia, suhu panas dan lain-lain.

Platform on fire

LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN

Langkah Pencegahan

Pencegahan Kebakaran

1 Pengawalan punca suhu panas dan api

       Ö            Sistem pemanas, Geseran, permukaan panas, peralatan yang tidak selamat, rokok, kimpalan, mencanai, memotong dan lain-lain.

2 Pengawalan bahan mudah terbakar

       Ö            Bahan buangan, tumpahan, kebocoran, gas, wasap, cecair yang mudah meruap dan terbakar.

        Ö            Kekemasan di tempat kerja, segregasi dan cara pengendalian.

MENGESAN DAN MENGAWAL KEBAKARAN

 

Alat Pemadam Api

3 Sistem mengesan kebakaran dan kebocoran gas

       Ö            Alat Pengesan Suhu (Panas).

       Ö            Alat Pengesan Sinaran / radiasi.

       Ö            Alat Pengesan Asap.

       Ö            Alat Pengesahan Gas Mudah Terbakar.

Alat Pengesan Gas

Alat Pengesan Suhu

Alat Pengesan Radiasi

Alat Pengesan Asap

4 Mengawal kebakaran

       Ö            Alat Pemadam Api, Busa dan Sistem CO2

 

Jenis Jenis Pemadam Api

TINDAKAN KECEMASAN

5 Tindakan Kecemasan

       Ö            Pasukan Pencegahan Kebakaran (Fire Intervention Team-FIT).

       Ö            Pasukan Pemadam Kebakaran (Fire Fighting Team-FFT).

       Ö            Pasukan Tindakan Kecemasan (Emergency Response Team-ERT).

       Ö            Pusat Perkhidmatan Mencegah Kebakaran dan Tindakan Kecemasan.

ERT

FFT

FIT

Hirarki Langkah Kawalan

Dimana-mana terdapat kebahayaan langkah yang boleh kita elakkan??????

HIRARKI LANGKAH KAWALAN MS

1.       Penghapusan – Elimination

2.       Penggantian – Substitution

3.       Kawalan Kejuruteraan – Engineering Control

4.       Kawalan Pentadbiran – Administrative Control

5.       Kelengkapan Perlindungan Diri – Personal Protective Equipment

PENGHAPUSAN↓↓↓↓

Penghapusan: Menghapus hazard atau risiko pendedahan terhadapnya.

Ini adalah kaedah yang terbaik.

Contoh-contoh penghapusan :

      Mengharamkan mengunakan bahan kimia berbahaya contohnya; penggunaan heksana, benzana untuk mencuci.

      Membersihkan tapak pembinaandari bahan tajam seperti paku dan lain-lain.

      Mengubahsuai cara kerja supaya ia tidak lagi berbahaya.

 

Gunakan Peralatan yang sesuai.

Yang sesuai

PENGGANTIAN↓↓↓↓

Penggantian: Menggantikan bahan / kaedah berbahaya dengan alternative yang tidak atau kurang berbahaya.

Contoh :

      Menggantikan penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dengan bahan kimia tidak atau kurang berbehaya.

      Menggunakan bahan kimia dalam bentuk palet atau pes adalah lebih selamat darti yang berbentuk gas atau serbuk.

KAWALAN KEJURUTERAAN↓↓↓↓

Sekiranya sesuatu hazard tidak dapat dikawal dengan kaedah penghapusan atau penggantian, kaedah seterusnya yang disarankan ialah kawalan kejuruteraan.

Contoh :

      Menutup hazard tersebut contoh; bunyi bising, panas, alat berputar.

      Memasang penutup pada peralatan.

      Memasang kipas pengudaraan.

Kompresor dengan penutup

Whipcheck

KAWALAN PENTADBIRAN↓↓↓↓

KAwalan Pentadbiran: Menyediakan prosuder kerja yang selamat termasuk arahan yang mengawal jumlah pekerja yang terdedah pada hazard pada tahap minimum.

Contoh :

      Mengurangkan jumlah pekerja yang terdedah.

      Mengurangkan tempoh pendedahan.

      Mengatur jadual pekerja.

      Mengadakan prosedur kerja selamat

      Prosedur Lock Out dan Tag Out.

Kebahayaan kita cuma dapat mengurangkan dan elakkan............

Bersama adik aku yang selalu bagi ilham...

Confined Space (Ruang Terkurung) Bukan bilik lepak.

1.RUANG TERKURUNG

1.1 Definasi

• Satu ruang Yang boleh dimasuki pada tekanan udara biasa.
• Tidak direka untuk dihuni atau diduduki untuk jangkamasa yang lama dan mempunyai laluan keluar / masukyang terhad.

Confined Space Entry

2.HAZARD DI DALAM RUANG TERKURUNG

2.1 Terdapat:-

• Kekurangan oksigen atau berlebihan oksigen.
• Gas atau asap beracun (Ammonia, Karbon Monoksida, Hidrogen Sulfida, Sulfur Dioksida).
• Gas atau wasap yang mudah terbakar (Methana, Propana, dan lain-lain)
• Bahan kimia lain.
• Sinaran / Radiasi 0 Risiko barah
• Hazard fizikal (panas, bising, gelap, objek bergerak dan lain-lain).

Enter by permit only

Entry with  standby person

3.KEPERLUAN UNTUK MASUK KE DALAM RUANG TERKURUNG

3.1 Adalah:-

• Mempunyai permit sah, (PTW)-Permit to work, termasuk pemeriksaan tekanan udara.
• Pemeriksaan Gas Bertauliah.
• Sijil memasuki ruang terkurung.
• Orang menjaga yang bertauliah (Standby Person).
• Kelengkapan pelindungan diri (PPE)-Personal Protective Equipment.
• Sistem pengudaraan yang berterusan.
• Peralatan kecemasan dan pelan menyelamat.

PPE

Follow procedure before entering

Entry confine space

Standby person

Kesimpulannya confined space boleh jadi bukan tempat yang selamat, boleh jadi selamat sekiranya kita mengikut segala keperluan dan kepentingannya.

Nanti guee...sambung lagi ya, pesanan saya dimana-mana anda berada keselamatan di utamakan.......

Bersama orang tersayang abang aku bah ni...hihi

POPEA- Bukan popia yang di goreng tu, yg ni very important malaysian standard.

Salinan masa saya dalam kelas hihihi...

HSE Manager Nicholas and Me

Principle of Accident Prevention

• Accident prevention is an essential good management
• Management  and workers must cooperate wholeheartedly
• Top Management must take led
• Know safety policy in each workplace
• Necessary to carry out the policy must exist 
• The best available knowledge and method must be applied 

Me and Lecturer Ismady 

Heinrich's Domino Theory

• Injuries are caused by accidents
• Accidents are caused by unsafe act & condition
• Unsafe condition & are caused by the fault of person
• Faults of person are cause by a personal flaws such a violent temp nervousness or E.g Ignorance
• The injured workers ancestry & Social environment  

Lect Imelda And Me

POPEA

• Policy
  -Occupational safety & health policy
  -Employee Participation
• Organising
  -Responsibility, accountability & authority
  -Competence, Training & Awareness
  -OSHMS Documentation
• Planning & Implementation
  -Initial review
  -Occupational safety & health objective
  -Hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control (HIERARCHY)
  -Emergency Prevention preparedness response
  -Management Change
  -Procurement
  -Contracting
• Evaluation-Performance monitoring & measurement
  -Incident investigation
  -Audit
  -Management review
• Action for Imporovement
  -Preventive & Corrective action
  -Continue Improvement 

Ada yg tak kena??, Cuba ulangkaji,...

Aku tumbuk ko nanti liaw...Ni perkataan yg slalu aku kacau kat kawan2 dlm kelas, mesti semua ketawa, maklumla aku dalam kelas di lantik sebagai penghulu.

Hirarc ingat tak?

HIRARC                                         

We need to know about OSH because:
It is a requirement under the law (OSHA and its Regulations);
We need to make provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of our colleagues;
We need to make provisions for protecting our clients against risks to safety or health in connection with our trade and activities.

In order for us to achieve the objectives of OSH we need to look into HIRARC which is the basis of occupational safety and health. HIRARC is a compound word which is made up of three consecutive activities running one after the other. The activities consist of Hazard Identification  Risk Assessment and Risk Control. Hazard identification is the recognising of things which may cause injury or harm to a person. Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occurring to a person if exposed to a hazard. The introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a hazard is known as Risk control.

We need to know about HIRARC because:
it is the core business of all OSH personnel, safety committee members, supervisors...etc.
 

it is a DIRECTIVE from the Chief Secretary of the government service to all government departments and agencies through its letter of directive: UPTM 159/267/50 Klt.4 dated 20th of August 2004.

Before the process of identifying any hazards begin, it is n

ecessary to know how to classify what is hazard, risk and danger.
Hazard - anything that can cause harm.
Risk - a probability of harm actually being done.
Danger - the relative exposure to a hazard.

Hazards can be sub-classified into health or safety hazards.

Examples of health hazards are:
Physical (noise, heat, radiation, vibration, pressure, machinery, electricity ... etc.);
Chemical (gases, vapours, acids, alkali, poisons, aerosols, irritants ... etc.);
Biological (pathogens, fungi, other micro organisms ... etc.);
Psychosocial (stress, social problems, accidents at workplace/home, fear of failure, retrenchment ... etc.);
Ergonomic (workplace design, layout of workstation, excessive manual handling, design of tools ... etc.)

Workplace

Examples of Safety hazards are:
Mechanical (cuts, entanglement ... etc);
Heights (falling objects ... etc);
Electrical (shock, burns ... etc);
Fire/Explosion (burns, injury, death ... etc);
Confined space (poisoning ... etc)

Hazards can be identified through the means:
Risk analysis
Workplace inspection
Safety audits
Job safety analysis
Feedback from workers
Observations
Advice from specialists
Accident records
MSDS/CSDS ... etc.

Risk assessment can be achieved by:
Gathering information about each hazard identified
Using of the information to assess the likelihood and consequence of each hazard
Producing a qualitative or quantitative risk table

Hierarchy of risk control:
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering control
Administrative control
Personal protective equipment



Do you know that it is the duty of our employer under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 0f 1994 to:

a) Ensure our safety, health and welfare at our workplace by:
the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without risks to health;
making of arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances;
the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure the safety and health at work;
maintaining the workplace in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks;
the provision and maintenance of a working environment which is safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards to facilities for our welfare at work.

b) Formulate safety and health policy:
as often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with respect to the safety and health at work;
arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out the policy;
to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employees.

c) Employ a competent person to act as a Safety and Health Officer at the place of work exclusively for the purpose of ensuring the due observance at the place of work of the provisions of the OSHA and its regulations and the promotion of a safe conduct of work at the place of work.

d) Establish a Safety and Health Committee at the place of work if there are 40 or more persons employed at the place of work.

e) Consult the Safety and Health Committee with a view to the making and maintenance of arrangements which will enable him and his employees to co-operate effectively in promoting and developing measures to ensure the safety and health at the place of work of the employees and in checking the effectiveness of such measures.

f) Notify the nearest Occupational Safety and Health Office of any accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or occupational disease which has occurred or is likely to occur at the place of work.

Nevertheless, it is our duty as employees to:

a) Take reasonable care for the safety and health of ourself and of other persons who may be affected by our acts or omissions at work;

b) Co-operate with our employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on our employer or that other person by OSHA;

c) Wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing provided by our employer for the purpose of preventing risks to our safety and health;

d) Comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health instituted by our employer or any other person by or under OSHA or any regulations made thereunder.

How to create a safe workplace
Anticipate the hazard
Identify the hazard
Assess the risk
Implementing control measures
Reviewing of control measures



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